Introduction
The Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) is a crucial stabilizing ligament in the knee. Injury to the ACL often requires surgery followed by extensive rehabilitation. Physiotherapy plays a significant role in both prehabilitation (before surgery) and post-rehabilitation (after surgery) to ensure a full recovery and prevent future injuries.
Prehabilitation (Before Surgery)
1. Strengthens Muscles
Pre-surgery exercises help maintain muscle mass, particularly the quadriceps, hamstrings, and hip muscles, which support knee stability.
2. Reduces Swelling & Pain
Techniques like ice therapy, compression, and elevation help reduce inflammation.
3. Improves Range of Motion
Stretching and mobility exercises ensure the knee is flexible, reducing post-surgery stiffness.
4. Enhances Proprioception & Stability
Balance training improves neuromuscular control and prevents instability post-surgery.
5. Faster Post-Surgery Recovery
A stronger and more flexible knee pre-surgery leads to a quicker return to function post-surgery.
Post-Rehabilitation (After Surgery)
1. Restores Mobility & Flexibility
Gentle range of motion exercises help prevent stiffness.
2. Rebuilds Strength
Progressive resistance exercises strengthen the quadriceps, hamstrings, and calves.
3. Prevents Muscle Atrophy
Early muscle activation prevents weakness and loss of strength.
4. Improves Gait & Balance
Training includes walking mechanics and balance drills to transition from crutches to normal walking.
5. Reduces Pain & Swelling
Manual therapy, cryotherapy, and compression techniques help in pain relief.
6. Enhances Proprioception & Stability
Advanced balance and coordination exercises prevent re-injury.
7. Gradual Return to Sports
Sport-specific rehabilitation ensures a safe transition back to competitive activities.
Conclusion
Physiotherapy is essential for optimal recovery from ACL injuries. A structured rehabilitation plan ensures patients regain strength, mobility, and stability while minimizing the risk of re-injury. Whether prehabilitation or post-rehabilitation, physiotherapy accelerates recovery and improves long-term knee function.
