Bronchoscopy is a medical examination that allows the doctor to examine the airways in the body. In the test, the Pulmonologist passess an instrument called a bronchoscope through the nose or mouth and further down the throat to reach the lungs. 

What Are the Types of Bronchoscopy?

The two types of bronchoscopy are as follows:

Flexible Bronchoscopy: This test is done with the help of a thin, long, and lighted tube to look at the patient’s airway. This type of bronchoscope is more commonly used because it usually does not need general anaesthesia, offers an improved view of the smaller airways, and is more comfortable for the person getting diagnosed. It also helps the doctor extract small samples of tissue for biopsy. Most of the times flexible bronchoscopy will be done for diagnostic indications. 

Rigid Bronchoscopy: It is typically done with the help of a straight, hollow metal tube and uses general anaesthesia. Rigid Bronchoscopy was done for both diagnostic and therapeutic indications.

 Indications:

Diagnostic indications: 

An unexplained or a persistent cough.

Abnormal chest x-rays that show inflammation of the lung, mass, or nodule.

Blood in the sputum.

Evaluation of a possible lung infection.

Therapeutic Indications:

To remove foreign bodies, present in the airway

To place a stent to open a collapsed airway caused due to pressure by a tumour or mass

To remove any growth that is blocking the airway

Risk associated with Bronchoscopy?

The bronchoscopy procedure is safe for most people. However, like all medical tests, there are some risks involved. Risks may include infection, bleeding, especially if a biopsy is done, a low blood oxygen level at the time of the test and trouble in breathing.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):

What is bronchoscopy, and why is it performed?

Bronchoscopy allows doctors to look inside the lungs and air passages. It is generally performed to diagnose or treat conditions like lung cancer, pneumonia, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

What are the different types of bronchoscopy? What are different procedures done through Bronchoscope ? 

There are several types of bronchoscopy, including flexible bronchoscopy, rigid bronchoscopy, and different procedures like Biopsy, TBNA, TBLB, Brushings, washings are done during procedure. Each type has its own advantages and may be used for different purposes.

How is a Flexible bronchoscopy performed?

A bronchoscopy is performed under local anesthesia, sedation or general anesthesia. A thin, flexible tube (called a bronchoscope) is inserted in the mouth or nose and guided down into the lungs. The bronchoscope has a camera on the end, which lets the doctor see inside the air passages.

Is Flexible bronchoscopy a painful procedure?

Bronchoscopy is generally not considered to be a painful procedure. However, some may experience mild discomfort or soreness afterwards. The use of sedation or anesthesia helps minimize discomfort during the procedure.

What are the risks associated with bronchoscopy?

There are risks associated with bronchoscopy, which may include bleeding, infection, or damage to the air passages or lungs. 

How should I prepare for a bronchoscopy?

The doctor will provide instructions on how to prepare for your bronchoscopy. This may include fasting for a period before the procedure, stopping certain medications, and arranging for transportation home afterwards.

What can I expect during recovery from a bronchoscopy?

Most people are able to go home the same day as their bronchoscopy, although you may need to rest for a few hours afterwards. You may experience some mild soreness or coughing for a day or two after the procedure, but this should resolve on its own.

Can bronchoscopy be used to diagnose lung cancer?

Yes, bronchoscopy is often used as a diagnostic tool for lung cancer. Samples of fluid and tissue from the lungs are tested for the presence of cancer cells.

Can bronchoscopy be used to diagnose tuberculosis?

Yes, bronchoscopy can be used to diagnose tuberculosis. The doctor can take samples of fluid or tissue from the lungs during the procedure, which can be tested for the presence of the tuberculosis bacteria.

Can bronchoscopy be used to diagnose pneumonia?

Yes, bronchoscopy can be used to diagnose pneumonia. The doctor can take samples of fluid or tissue from the lungs, which can be tested to determine the cause of the infection.

Can bronchoscopy be used to diagnose COPD?

Bronchoscopy is not typically used as a primary diagnostic tool for COPD. However, it may be used in certain cases to help diagnose the condition or rule out other potential causes of symptoms.

How long does a bronchoscopy take?

The length of a bronchoscopy procedure can vary depending on the type of procedure being performed and the individual patient. Generally, the procedure takes 30 minutes to an hour.

How accurate is bronchoscopy in diagnosing lung cancer?

The accuracy of bronchoscopy in diagnosing lung cancer depends on factors like tumor size and location.

Can bronchoscopy be used to diagnose other lung diseases besides cancer?

Yes, bronchoscopy can be used to diagnose a variety of lung diseases, including infections, inflammatory conditions, and other types of cancer.

How often should bronchoscopy be performed to monitor lung cancer?

The frequency of bronchoscopy for monitoring lung cancer can vary depending on the individual case and the treatment plan. 

Can bronchoscopy be used for treatment?

Yes, bronchoscopy can be used for some types of treatment, such as removing foreign objects from the airways or treating tumors with laser therapy. Rigid Bronchoscope is generally used for this purpose. 

What is the difference between flexible and rigid bronchoscopy?

Flexible bronchoscopy uses a flexible tube to examine the airways, while rigid bronchoscopy uses a rigid tube. Flexible bronchoscopy is typically used for diagnostic purposes, while rigid bronchoscopy may be used for both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

Can bronchoscopy be used in children?

Yes, bronchoscopy can be used in children based on airway size and bronchoscope size, but it may require sedation or general anesthesia to ensure the child remains still during the procedure.